Computational Analysis of Non-Newtonian Blood Flow in a Human Arterial Bifurcation Model

Non-Newtonian Blood Flow in a Human Arterial Bifurcation

Abstract

Hemodynamic forces critically influence the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic lesions, particularly at anatomical sites characterized by intricate vascular geometries, such as arterial bifurcations. This study utilizes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate blood flow characteristics within a simplified three-dimensional model of the human aortic bifurcation, with particular attention to the transition of flow toward the carotid artery. Blood is modeled as an incompressible, non-Newtonian fluid using the Carreau–Yasuda model to capture shear-thinning behavior under physiological conditions. The simulations solve the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations using a finite volume method under steady-state conditions. Key hemodynamic parameters—including velocity fields, static pressure distributions, and wall shear stress (WSS) contours—are computed to assess flow disturbances and potential sites of vascular pathology. The results indicate complex flow features such as flow separation, recirculation zones, and stagnation points near the bifurcation apex. These regions correspond to areas of low and oscillatory WSS, which are clinically associated with endothelial dysfunction and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of CFD as a non-invasive diagnostic tool capable of elucidating local hemodynamic behavior and aiding in the assessment and treatment planning of vascular diseases, particularly those affecting cerebral perfusion.